Exam Review

---

Topics Covered

---

• Chapter 1 (Sobell): History

• Chapter 2 (Sobell): Getting Started

• Chapter 3 (Sobell): Utilities

• Chapter 4 (Sobell): File Structure

• Chapter 4 (Nutshell): Korn Shell

• Chapter 12 (Sobell): ksh (Shell Programming)

• Chapter 19 (Nutshell): Make

• Chapter 6 (Nutshell): Regular Expressions

• Debugging

• FreeBSD Installation

---

History

---

• Who, when, and where: Ken Thompson, 1969, AT&T Bell Labs

• Three major improvements:
  • multiuser
  • interactive
  • easy to share data/programs between users

• BSD vs. System V

• Machine-independent

• Originally in PDP-7 assembly, then converted to 95% C

---

Getting Started

---

• Logging in

• Changing password

• Basic commands: cd, ls, more, rm, etc.

---

Utilities

---

    ar
    at
    cat
    compress
    cp
    cut
    diff
    file
    find
    grep
    lpr
    make
    man
    man -k
    mv
    paste
    tar
    touch
    wc
    whereis
    which

---

File Structure

---

• Hierarchical directories

• Absolute path names

• Relative path names

• . and ..

• cd, chdir, mkdir, rmdir

• ln and links

• chmod and permissions

• Know the basic contents of common system directories like /etc, /usr/man, /home, /usr/lib, /usr/include, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/local, etc.

---

Korn Shell

---

• I/O redirection:

      <     >     |     >>     <<
      

• Foreground vs. background: bg, fg, jobs, kill, %n, %string, etc.

• Ctrl-C, Ctrl-Z

• File matching patterns: *, ?, [], |, ?(pattern), +(pattern), *(pattern), @(pattern), !(pattern)

• X Window basic elements

• History substitution: <ESCAPE>, r, fc, etc.

• Aliases

---

ksh Shell Programming

---

• Shell and environment variables: export, set, typeset, unset

• Arrays and array subscripting

• Integer vs. string variables: let, ((expressions))

• Shell arithmetic: $((expression))

• Command substitution: $(command)

• Control structures:
  • if
  • while
  • case
  • for
  • break/continue/exit/return
  • select

• sed, awk, Perl and regular expressions

---

Make

---

• Directives

• Derived files

• Dependencies

• Variables

• Exit status

---

Debugging

---

• Techniques to prevent errors, and make them easier to find when they occur.

• General debugging strategy--the process of elimination.

---

FreeBSD

---

• Disk partitioning

• Device and driver selection

• UNIX file systems

• Mounting CDs and floppies

• System administration, adding users, etc.