Science may look like a "cut and dried process. [Many people] associate the nature of scientific knowledge with the process of deriving it and conclude that research is as objective and unambiguous as scientific results."[NAS, p. 1]
If you know exactly what steps to take to solve a problem at the onset, and are guaranteed with probability one that you will succeed, then by definition you are not doing research!
In many human activities (i.e., building a house), one can set a goal, and then given enough time, money, and person-power, reach that goal. This is not the case in research; one has to receive feedback during the research process which modifies the goals that can be reached.
My "tree" of lifetime research topics
When to give up on a problem
Whether to allow breadth or depth in the research tree
Unrecognized
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| (This is a hard place to
| do your research)
| our research)
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| Solution method
low ----------------+------------------ hi Risk
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| Most research
| is done here
Recognized
Problem
significance