There are two main types of effort required. First, the readings (see next section) should be carefully studied, keeping unit objectives (see previous section) in mind. Second, students should work with HoTMetaL, and possibly with Panorama. Note that it is wisest to do the readings before the exercises, though you may want to experiment a little with the systems earlier, to motivate and provide a concrete foundation for the articles. For HoTMetaL and Panorama it will be useful to work on the computer to try out the various operations.