GOMS Analysis

 

The results of GOMS analysis for four selected user tasks are given on the table below, followed by the analysis of the individual tasks.

 

Task

Cost in Warcraft I

Cost in Warcraft II

Moving an unselected unit

3P + 3K + M

2P + 2K + M

Moving a selected unit

2P + 2K + M

P + K + M

Selecting a group of units

H + 2P + 4K + M

2P + 2K + M

Reselecting a previous group

H + 2P + 4K + M

H + P + 3K + M




Moving an unselected unit

Users often need to select a unit and move it to a different location. The keystroke-level syntax is the same whether the command is "move," "attack," "harvest," "mine," "heal," etc., so commands of this type are the most frequently used commands. In Warcraft II, a user can avoid using the command menu by simply right-clicking on a unit's destination. Warcraft II has a very significant advantage by giving shortcuts to these common tasks.

Moving a selected unit

It is often the case that the user will be moving a unit along a constantly changing path. For example, when sending a unit out to explore an area that is not yet visible, the user will want to make adjustments to the unit's path as new terrain comes into view. It is not necessary to reselect the unit each time its path is changed. In Warcraft I, the user must switch back and forth between the command menu and the map. In Warcraft II, the user can simply right-click on the unit's next destination.

Selecting a group of units

Most attacks are made with more than one unit. It is convenient to select a group of units so they can all be given the same orders simultaneously. This is done by drawing a rectangle around the units to be grouped, but Warcraft I requires the control key to be pressed.

Reselecting a previous group

A user often creates several groups of units, but only one group can be selected at a time. When switching back and forth between different groups, it is convenient to be able to simply reselect a group rather than creating the group from scratch. This can be done in Warcraft II by pressing the alt key and selecting any unit in the group. In Warcraft I, the group must be created from scratch.

Conclusion

Based on these results, we expected the interface to be easier to use for expert users performing routine tasks. This was indeed confirmed by the expert user study.