Ontologies as Indented Lists

• CYC (general ontology for commonsense knowledge, 10K concept types): Thing
  • IndividualObject
    • Event
    • Stuff (parent too of IntangibleStuff)
      • Process (child of Event too)
        • SomethingExisting
          • Intelligence
          • CompositeTangible&IntangibleObject
          • TangibleObject
            • TangibleStuff
  • Intangible
    • IntangibleObject
      • IntangibleStuff (also child of Stuff)
      • InternalMachineThing
      • AttributeValue
      • Relationship (also child of RepresentedThing)
        • Slot
          • Attribute
    • Collection (also child of RepresentedThing)
  • RepresentedThing (parent too of Collection, Relationship)
• WordNet (lexical reference system, 70K synsets): thing, entity
  • living thing, organism
    • plant, flora
    • person, human being
    • animal, fauna
  • non-living thing, object
    • natural object
    • artifact
    • food
    • substance
• Generalized Upper Model (250 concepts, for NLP): Um-thing
  • Configuration
    • Doing&Happening
    • Saying&Sensing
    • Being&Having
  • Element
    • Simple-Quality
    • Simple-Thing
    • Participant
    • Circumstance
    • Process
  • Sequence
    • Expanding-Sequence
    • Projecting-Sequence
• Sowa (based on distinctions, combinations, constraints): T
  • Concrete
  • Object
  • Process
  • Abstract
  • (Level 2)
    • PhysicalObject (child of Concrete, Object)
    • PhysicalProcess (child of Concrete, Process)
    • InformationObject (child of Object, Abstract)
    • InformationProcess (child of Process, Abstract)
• UMLS (153 medical concepts): Entity
  • Physical Object
    • Organism
    • Substance
    • Anatomical Structure
    • Manufactured Object
  • Conceptual Entity
    • Language
    • Occupation or Discipline
    • Organization
    • Group Attribute
    • Group
    • Idea or Concept
    • Finding
    • Organism Attribute
    • Intellectual Product
• TOVE (enterprise modeling): Organization-Entity
  • Organization-Individual
    • Employee
    • Contractor
  • Organization-Group
    • Board of Directors
    • Department
    • Division
• GENSIM (generic simulation): Thing
  • Bacteria
    • E.coli
  • Experiments
  • Nucleic Acid Segments
    • DNA segments
      • Genes
    • RNA segments
      • RNA Genes
    • Protein
  • Active Sites
  • Media